Mammalian protein synthesis in the cytoplasm of a plant cell

Using immunochemical and, subsequently, autoradiographic methods, the authors have shown that after the injection of the total fraction of polyribosomes isolated from the rat liver in the Acetabularia cytoplasm a protein interacting with the antiserum against rat thyrosine aminotransferase is synthesized. Prospects of using Acetabularia as a test-system for the translation of heterogenous mRNA and mRNP are discussed.     

Sulfated Derivatives of Arabinogalactan and Their Anticoagulant Activity

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - A comparison of IR spectra and molecular weight distribution of arabinogalactan sulfates as sodium and ammonium salts obtained using various sulfating...     

A SNP-based genetic dissection of versatile traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The continuous increase in global population prompts increased wheat production. Future wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding will heavily rely on dissecting molecular and genetic bases of wheat yield and related traits which is possible through the discovery of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in constructed populations, such as recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Here, we present an evaluation of 92 RILs in a bi-parental RIL mapping population (the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative Mapping Population [ITMI/MP]) using newly generated phenotypic data in 3-year experiments (2015), older phenotypic data (1997–2009), and newly created single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker data based on 92 of the original RILs to search for novel and stable QTLs. Our analyses of more than 15 unique traits observed in multiple experiments included analyses of 46 traits in three environments in the USA, 69 traits in eight environments in Germany, 149 traits in 10 environments in Russia, and 28 traits in four environments in India (292 traits in 25 environments) with 7584 SNPs (292 × 7584 = 2 214 528 data points). A total of 874 QTLs were detected with limit of detection (LOD) scores of 2.01–3.0 and 432 QTLs were detected with LOD > 3.0. Moreover, 769 QTLs could be assigned to 183 clusters based on the common markers and relative proximity of related QTLs, indicating gene-rich regions throughout the A, B, and D genomes of common wheat. This upgraded genotype–phenotype information of ITMI/MP can assist breeders and geneticists who can make crosses with suitable RILs to improve or investigate traits of interest.     

Indirect immunoprecipitation by rat liver polyribosomes using antibodies to tyrosine aminotransferase]

A fraction of rat liver polyribosomes is isolated, which in its immunochemical characteristics considerably enriched with polyribosomes capable to synthesize hydrocortisone-induced liver tyrosine aminotransferase isoenzyme. This specific polyribosome fraction was purified by immunochemical fractionation of total liver polyribosomes using indirect precipitation. The content of polyribosomes in immunoprecipitates comprise 0.4-0.8% of its initial amount (before immunochemical fractionation). The ratio of specific polyribosomes in immunoprecipitates varies from 20 to 45%, which corresponds to 25-100-fold purification. The data obtained suggest that the method of indirect precipitation can be an efficient step in the isolation procedure of individual mRNA.     

QTL Identification and Mapping in Soft Spring Wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) under Controlled Agroecological and Biological Testing Area Conditions with and without Nitrogen Fertilizer

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) of agriculturally valuable traits of soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were mapped in two simultaneous and independent experiments that were carried out in different agronomical backgrounds with respect to nitrogen availability (i.e., with and without introduction of a mineral nitrogen fertilizer) in order to reveal the effects of physiological and genetic interaction between the genotype and the environment. In total, 94 QTLs, which determine 31 physiologically and agriculturally important traits, have been identified. The connection between the loci identified and polymorphism by certain traits has been proven. The connection between the trait expression and introduction of the fertilizer has been confirmed by both correlation analysis and the single-factor analysis of variance. The analyses of QTL and correlation, as well as the single-factor analysis of variance, showed that 15 of 31 traits varied confidently. This shows that the expression of these traits depends on the presence of nitrogen nutrition. The data obtained are important for further study of physiological and genetic regulatory mechanisms of expression of the traits that were evaluated in the system of interaction between the genotype and the environment as well as for the marker-assisted selection of wheat.     

Functional Characterization of Septin Complexes

Septins belong to a family of conserved GTP-binding proteins found in majority of eukaryotic species except for higher plants. Septins form nonpolar complexes that further polymerize into filaments and associate with cell membranes, thus comprising newly acknowledged cytoskeletal system. Septins participate in a variety of cell processes and contribute to various pathophysiological states, including tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration. Here, we review the structural and functional properties of septins and the regulation of their dynamics with special emphasis on the role of septin filaments as a cytoskeletal system and its interaction with actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. We also discuss how septins compartmentalize the cell by forming local protein-anchoring scaffolds and by providing barriers for the lateral diffusion of the membrane proteins.     

Prognostic evaluation of spinal microlesions under exposure of longitudinal blow accelerations of prolonged action

The performed experimental investigations were aimed at qualitative and approximate quantitative estimation of parameters of cumulated microtraumatic destructions in spine, leading to its lowered bearing capabilities under prolonged loading with compressing exposures corresponding to high levelled maneuverable accelerations, which exceed 5 G and onset rates 10 G/s and more. Process of microlesions in bone tissues of vertebral bodies at this range of accelerations is not still sufficiently studied. Practical importance of these effects has close relation as to problem of high intensity flight maneuvering accelerations with onset rates up to 10 G/s and higher as well as to estimation if impact acceleration tolerance in ejection event with controllable flightpath of kicked out capatult seat. The data, received in natural experiments on spinal segments T11-L3 with fixation of acoustical emission signals (AES), suggest that stage of minor lesion of vertebral bodies (the first degree of severity), characterizing by avalanche-like increment of acoustical emission signals and starting point of specific crack in loading flow chart, may be pertained as having fragile character.